PPRA
Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment
- Statute
- 20 U.S.C. § 1232h
- Regulations
- 34 C.F.R. Part 98
- Enacted / Last Major Amendment
- Amended periodically; current form post-NCLB
- Jurisdictional Layer
- Federal Baseline (federal)
Summary
Requires parental consent before requiring students to participate in surveys, analyses, or evaluations revealing information in protected categories (sex behavior, mental health, family relationships, religion, etc.).
School-side obligations
- Obtain parental consent for federally-funded protected surveys
- Notify parents and offer opt-out for non-federally-funded protected surveys
- Develop policies on physical exams and personal information collection
Vendor-side obligations
- Vendor surveys triggering PPRA must run through the school's consent flow
Breach notification
Not applicable.
Enforcement
US Department of Education investigation; complaints to Family Policy Compliance Office.
NCSC AI Toolkit — Scanner Fields
These fields in the NCSC AI Toolkit derive from this statute:
requires_ppra_consent_for_surveysrequires_sel_assessment_consent
Open Questions / Unsettled Law
- AI-driven SEL assessment tools: when does behavior tracking trigger PPRA?